臺灣日治時期同時有歌仔戲、客家戲的誕生與現代戲劇的傳入，一般認為屬 於戲曲的歌仔戲、客家戲仍合歌、舞、樂以演故事，而現代戲劇的形式則脫落這 些成分；但日治曲盤的重新整理面世卻提供了不一樣的線索。古倫美亞的「新 劇」、「新歌劇」、「文化劇」、「文化歌劇」、「廣東歌劇」等曲盤即為代表， 即《運河奇案》、《蓮英托夢》、《河妹慘史》、《騎驢看花》、《黃金時代》、《紅 鶯之鳴》、《二重春》、《雨夜花》、《望春風》、《不落花》、《桃花泣血記》、 《山歌小調》等數齣。和流行歌曲盤相對照，這些曲盤幾乎已被遺忘。本文先探 討其音樂形式，接著分析其內容中所展現的新時代的愛情觀、親子關係，以及對 現代社會的反思等等。將這些聲音資料與文獻史料相對照，可知1920 到1930 年 代的臺灣現代戲劇並未摒棄歌、舞、樂的元素，同時流行的歌仔戲、客家戲也融 入諸多現代元素，二者在當時並非截然二分，反而有相當多共通之處。

During the Japanese colonial period, kua-a-hi and hakka theatre were born and modern theatre entered Taiwan. It is commonly thought that kua-a-hi and hakka theatre, which were kinds of Chinese classical theatre, told the stories with singing, dance and music, while modern theatre had gotten rid of these elements. However, the rediscovery of phonograph recordings of this period provides different clues. Columbia’s“shingeki”(literally“new theatre”),“kageki”(lit erally“opera”),“shinkageki”(literally“new opera”), and“bunkageki”(literally“cultur al theatre”) phonograph recordings are representative examples. These are A Surprising Case along the Canal, A Dream about Lianying, A Tragedy of Hemei, Riding a Donkey and Viewing Flowers, A Golden Age, Songs of a Red Warbler, The Second Spring, A Flower in a Rainy Night, Hoping for Spring Wind, A Non-Wilting Flower, Peach Blossom Weeps Tears of Blood, and Mountain Songs and Folk Melody. Contrasted with popular song records at the same time, the above records are almost forgotten nowadays. This essay will examine the music forms of these records and then analyze ideas revealed in the plays, including the perspectives on love, the ideas of parent-child relationship as well as reflections upon modern society. Comparing audio and textual sources, we will find that during the 1920s and the 1930s, modern theatre in Taiwan in fact did not get rid of singing, dance and music. Meanwhile elements of modern theatre were integrated into popular kua-a-hi and hakka theatre as well. The forms of modern theatre, kua-a-hi and hakka theatre were not absolutely different, as we tend to think, but shared many characteristics.